What diagnosis is confirmed by a DEXA score of -2.5 or less?

A DEXA score, or Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry score, is used to assess bone mineral density (BMD). The World Health Organization (WHO) defines osteoporosis based on the results of a DEXA scan, specifically indicating that a T-score of -2.5 or lower confirms the diagnosis of osteoporosis. This threshold signifies significantly decreased bone density which correlates with increased risk of fractures.

In the context of these scores, a T-score of -1.0 to -2.4 indicates osteopenia, a condition characterized by lower than normal bone density but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis. A T-score above -1.0 is considered normal bone density. Therefore, the value of -2.5 or lower distinctly confirms osteoporosis rather than just indicating a lower bone density or strength.

Understanding these classifications is crucial in managing patient care, especially in identifying those at increased risk for fractures and in formulating appropriate treatment and preventive strategies.